Hemantra

How far should governments go in using AI? News: Recently, India released an AI governance framework name "techno-legal" aimed at balancing innovation with safeguards, emphasising the need for transparency, accountability, and responsible deployment as artificial intelligence becomes more integrated into public administration and digital infrastructure. Arguments in Favour of Greater Government Use of AI 1. Enhances administrative efficiency and state capacityArtificial Intelligence enables governments to process large volumes of information quickly, improving policy implementation, reducing delays, and strengthening state capacity. In complex welfare systems, AI helps coordinate departments, identify beneficiaries accurately, and support faster decision-making, leading to more effective governance outcomes.Example: AI detection of duplicate welfare records reduces leakages and ensures subsidies reach genuine beneficiaries without unnecessary administrative delays.2. Supports evidence-based policymakingAI helps governments analyse large datasets to identify patterns not visible through traditional methods. This allows data-driven decisions, better resource allocation, and more accurate policy design, especially in sectors like health, agriculture, environment, and disaster management where timely information is critical.Example: Predictive analytics identifying drought-prone regions helps authorities plan irrigation, relief, and crop support before major losses occur.3. Improves public service delivery at scaleIn countries with large populations, AI allows governments to expand services without proportional increase in manpower. Automated systems improve grievance redressal, translation, verification, and citizen support, making governance more accessible, efficient, and responsive across geographically diverse regions.Example: AI chatbots on government portals provide multilingual assistance, helping rural citizens access schemes without visiting administrative offices repeatedly.4. Strengthens national security and public safetyAI assists in intelligence analysis, cyber-security, border monitoring, and crime detection by processing vast information quickly. With proper safeguards, such systems help governments prevent threats early, improving security while reducing dependence on slow manual methods.Example: AI detection of suspicious financial transactions helps agencies identify terror funding or organized crime networks at early stages.5. Promotes technological self-reliance and innovationGovernment investment in AI research helps build strong domestic capability and reduces dependence on foreign technology companies. Active public sector involvement ensures AI development aligns with national interest, social welfare, and long-term strategic goals instead of only commercial profit motives.Example: Public funding for AI research in universities helps create indigenous platforms instead of relying entirely on imported digital infrastructure.6. Maintains global competitiveness and strategic capabilityAs many countries adopt AI in governance, avoiding such technology may weaken economic growth, defence preparedness, and policy capacity. Responsible adoption allows governments to manage modern challenges while maintaining sovereign control over critical digital infrastructure and decision-making systems.Example: Countries using AI in defence logistics and disaster response react faster during crises compared to those relying only on traditional systems. Arguments Against Excessive Government Use of AI 1. Risk of expanding surveillance and state powerAI may be adopted as a quick technological solution to problems caused by weak administration, corruption, or poor public records. Technology cannot replace strong institutions, accountability, and governance reforms, and excessive reliance may hide deeper structural weaknesses within the public administrative system.Example: Continuous facial recognition in public spaces may allow authorities to track movements without clear consent, oversight, or legal accountability mechanisms.2. Lack of transparency and accountabilityAI systems often function through complex algorithms difficult even for experts to understand. When governments rely on such systems, citizens may not know how decisions were made, raising concerns about bias, fairness, and due process in administrative actions affecting rights and benefits.Example: Automated rejection of welfare applications may be hard to challenge if authorities cannot clearly explain how the system reached its decision.3. Dependence on private technology companiesGovernments often lack advanced technical expertise and rely on large private firms for AI infrastructure. This creates long-term technological dependence, reduces public control, and raises concerns about data security, national sovereignty, and monopoly influence over essential public systems and digital governance platforms..Example: Public databases stored on foreign cloud platforms may limit national control over sensitive information of citizens and security.4. Risk of data misuse and function creepData collected for one purpose may later be used for another without proper consent. Large digital databases create temptation for expanded surveillance, profiling, or policing, weakening trust between citizens and the state and increasing risk of abuse of power.Example: Identity data collected for welfare schemes later used for law enforcement without safeguards can seriously undermine privacy and public trust.5. Overreliance on technology instead of institutional reformAI may be adopted as a quick solution to problems caused by weak administration, corruption, or poor records. Technology cannot replace strong institutions, accountability, and governance reforms, and excessive reliance may hide deeper structural weaknesses within the public system.Example: Automating benefit distribution may not solve inaccurate records, or lack of trained officials responsible for implementation.6. Threat to democratic values if adoption becomes inevitableThe belief that AI must be adopted because others are using it can lead to rushed policy decisions without proper safeguards. Such technological inevitability narratives may be driven by powerful industry interests, risking long-term dependence, high financial costs, and reduced democratic oversight over public decision-making systems.Example: Rapid adoption of large AI platforms to match global trends may create costly dependence without clear public benefit or accountability. Arguments in Favour of Greater Government Use of AI 1. Enhances administrative efficiency and state capacityArtificial Intelligence enables governments to process large volumes of information quickly, improving policy implementation, reducing delays, and strengthening state capacity. In complex welfare systems, AI helps coordinate departments, identify beneficiaries accurately, and support faster decision-making, leading to more effective governance outcomes.Example: AI detection of duplicate welfare records reduces leakages and ensures subsidies reach genuine beneficiaries without unnecessary administrative delays.2. Supports evidence-based policymakingAI helps governments analyse large datasets to identify patterns not visible through traditional methods. This allows data-driven decisions, better resource allocation, and more accurate policy design, especially in sectors like health, agriculture, environment, and disaster management where timely information is critical.Example: Predictive analytics identifying drought-prone regions helps authorities plan irrigation, relief, and crop support before major losses occur.3. Improves public service delivery at scaleIn countries with large populations, AI allows governments to expand services without proportional increase in manpower. Automated systems improve grievance redressal, translation, verification, and citizen support, making governance more accessible, efficient, and responsive across geographically diverse regions.Example: AI chatbots on government portals provide multilingual assistance, helping rural citizens access schemes without visiting administrative offices repeatedly.4. Strengthens national security and public safetyAI assists in intelligence analysis, cyber-security, border monitoring, and crime detection by processing vast information quickly. With proper safeguards, such systems help governments prevent threats early, improving security while reducing dependence on slow manual methods.Example: AI detection of suspicious financial transactions helps agencies identify terror funding or organized crime networks at early stages.5. Promotes technological self-reliance and innovationGovernment investment in AI research helps build strong domestic capability and reduces dependence on foreign technology companies. Active public sector involvement ensures AI development aligns with national interest, social welfare, and long-term strategic goals instead of only commercial profit motives.Example: Public funding for AI research in universities helps create indigenous platforms instead of relying entirely on imported digital infrastructure.6. Maintains global competitiveness and strategic capabilityAs many countries adopt AI in governance, avoiding such technology may weaken economic growth, defence preparedness, and policy capacity. Responsible adoption allows governments to manage modern challenges while maintaining sovereign control over critical digital infrastructure and decision-making systems.Example: Countries using AI in defence logistics and disaster response react faster during crises compared to those relying only on traditional systems. Arguments Against Excessive Government Use of AI 1. Risk of expanding surveillance and state powerAI may be adopted as a quick technological solution to problems caused by weak administration, corruption, or poor public records. Technology cannot replace strong institutions, accountability, and governance reforms, and excessive reliance may hide deeper structural weaknesses within the public administrative system.Example: Continuous facial recognition in public spaces may allow authorities to track movements without clear consent, oversight, or legal accountability mechanisms.2. Lack of transparency and accountabilityAI systems often function through complex algorithms difficult even for experts to understand. When governments rely on such systems, citizens may not know how decisions were made, raising concerns about bias, fairness, and due process in administrative actions affecting rights and benefits.Example: Automated rejection of welfare applications may be hard to challenge if authorities cannot clearly explain how the system reached its decision.3. Dependence on private technology companiesGovernments often lack advanced technical expertise and rely on large private firms for AI infrastructure. This creates long-term technological dependence, reduces public control, and raises concerns about data security, national sovereignty, and monopoly influence over essential public systems and digital governance platforms..Example: Public databases stored on foreign cloud platforms may limit national control over sensitive information of citizens and security.4. Risk of data misuse and function creepData collected for one purpose may later be used for another without proper consent. Large digital databases create temptation for expanded surveillance, profiling, or policing, weakening trust between citizens and the state and increasing risk of abuse of power.Example: Identity data collected for welfare schemes later used for law enforcement without safeguards can seriously undermine privacy and public trust.5. Overreliance on technology instead of institutional reformAI may be adopted as a quick solution to problems caused by weak administration, corruption, or poor records. Technology cannot replace strong institutions, accountability, and governance reforms, and excessive reliance may hide deeper structural weaknesses within the public system.Example: Automating benefit distribution may not solve inaccurate records, or lack of trained officials responsible for implementation.6. Threat to democratic values if adoption becomes inevitableThe belief that AI must be adopted because others are using it can lead to rushed policy decisions without proper safeguards. Such technological inevitability narratives may be driven by powerful industry interests, risking long-term dependence, high financial costs, and reduced democratic oversight over public decision-making systems.Example: Rapid adoption of large AI platforms to match global trends may create costly dependence without clear public benefit or accountability. Conclusion: The use of Artificial Intelligence in governance should be guided by the principles of necessity, proportionality, transparency, and accountability. While AI can strengthen state capacity, efficiency, and security, excessive or unchecked deployment risks undermining privacy, democratic freedoms, and institutional trust. Governments must adopt AI selectively, with strong legal safeguards, public oversight, and clear objectives, ensuring that technology remains a tool for public welfare, not a means of expanding unchecked state power.[wpdiscuz_comments]

Devanshu Dubey

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